Why we are using hexadecimal values for computer addressing_ – researchgate translate english to binary

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Qaim, let's look at the evolution of the human numbering systems : humans tried base 13, base 11, base 4, base 3, Oh man ! you name it … Ascii bit until the Hindu-Arabic numbering system BASE 10 was invented. Binary coded decimal It made everything much easier, from business transactions to handling all sorts of daily interactions including numbers … Usd to try Because, we have 10 fingers How about computers ? It is very clear where the BINARY numbering came from: BASE 2 is the natural representation for CPUs … Sek usd TRUE or FALSE, the most NOISE TOLERANT numbering system, which is necessary when you are working at 4GHz, and flipping billions of these BITS a second, and you do not want to mistake a 0 for 1. Base64

binary Any higher base system, Base 16 (i.e., hexadecimal), and BASE 256 (BYTE) is a natural expansion of BINARY by using MULTIPLE BINARY bits …

Your question translates to : WHY DID WE INITIALLY CHOOSE TO GROUP 4-BITS … Multiplication of binary numbers In other words, why not 5 bits ? 5 bits would be much better than 4 … Usd eur converter 2^5=32, so, a BYTE would be 1024, which is much closer to 1000 and easy to understand.

Usd today rate Also, 10 bits is a much nicer number than 8 ?? So, why did we choose 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 bits for CPU widths ??? instead of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 ? or something else ?

For the answer, let's go down the memory lane … Usd to cdn exchange rate A Japanese calculator company calls a, then, very good semiconductor manufacturer named INTEL in the 70's and asks them to design a specialized chip that is PROGRAMMABLE and can compute things in CHUNKS. Rmb to usd converter They choose a chunk size of 4 bits, since, this is a size that is compatible with that time's technology and can perform the computations of that calculator well. Convert pound to usd INTEL designs it, but has many manufacturing issues …

Usd to uk pounds They run out of time and cannot deliver the product … Binary art The Japanese calculator manufacturer cancels the order, and INTEL thinks of ways to sell that IC as a PROGRAMMABLE IC. What binary means They call it 4004. Rounded binary The product sells well, but, the data size is not big enough. 1 usd to zar INTEL immediately designs a version of it that can process TWICE AS MANY BITS (8 bits) at a time.

Myr to usd 8008 was born ! This evolves to 8080, 8085, 8086 (16 bits) and we know the rest of the story.

I absolutely positively cannot find any reason why a 10-bit, 20-bit, or a 40-bit CPU would not actually work better. The binary code So, this makes me wonder, what would happen, if the Japanese manufacturer asked for a 5 bit programmable chip initially ?

Part of it is historical, part of it is practical. Perfect binary tree Back in the 'good old days', computer memory chips were organized in 'nibbles', i.e.: 4 bits. Binary code generator They could easily be concatenated into longer 'bytes' and 'words' of 8 and 16 bits respectively with a clever interconnect scheme. Rate usd So, it was natural to express computer code in terms of 'nibble's, that is, hexadecimal numbers.

Binary picture Thus the representation more closely reflects the meaning. The other part is practical.

Usd to cdn conversion Computers are still binary machines. Usd to mad And, until quantum computers are perfected, we'll be stuck with notation schemes that directly express the binary nature of the data. Binary file editor For example we could express numbers in any handy base or symbolic system, like decimal, or even Roman numerals.

Currency converter usd But, neither of those systems are convenient when dealing with computers. Zar usd So, for convenience, any system should be in a base 2 or multiple there of. Forex tsd Again, the representation more closely reflects the meaning. As a programmer of several decades, I can say raw binary, hex and oct are all still very popular. Usd to idr It all depends on context.

Euro usd exchange rate For example, I was just working with gnuplot, making some plots for a presentation. Binary operators Gnuplot wanted special ASCII characters (e.g: the Greek character sigma) in octal. But, if you look at Unicode tables, they're invariably expressed in hex. Binary space That's because Unicode is an extension to ASCII codes that are byte values. Dec to binary converter ASCII has traditionally been expressed in two-digit hexadecimal to reflect the underlying two nibble structure of the code.

Usd to inr rate Unicode, AKA double byte, character representation is just an extension of ASCII and hexadecimal more closely reflects the underlying meaning. Xau usd chart Fortunately, 2^16 values is adequate to represent every single alphabet on the planet. I also do a lot of LabVIEW coding. Conversion of binary to decimal There, binary, hex and octal are all very useful number representations, depending on what you'd like to do. Binary tricks For example, stringing a bunch of Booleans together in an array is easily considered in binary.

The representation more closely reflects the meaning. 12 usd Expressing that Boolean array as a decimal would completely obscure the meaning. I also work with Python, C and C++. What is the binary code If I'm just adding two numbers, decimal works just peachy.

Usd to british pound But, if I want to do something like a logical operations, e.g.: bitwise AND, or an arithmetic shift, hexadecimal or even binary is most appropriate. Translate to binary That is, I choose a representation that reflects the underlying meaning.

So, when one is writing assembly code, hex is very convenient. Kwd to usd The number of op codes is normally limited to a small number (well, except for a CISC architecture). Decimal to binary conversion There, a byte (two nibbles, or a two digit hex number) can easily encompass every op code ID. Binary to english converter Addresses are normally some multiple of 4, with only very few exceptions. Text to binary converter Thus, an address is easily segmented into hexadecimal representation.

Usd eur exchange rate With a little practice, one can simply look at a hex number and immediately write out the binary number. Binary alphabet This is not easily done when looking at a decimal number. Free binary translator (Unless you're very good!

). A in binary When you're writing assembly code, you're just one step, maybe two steps, up from the raw computer representation. Binary representation of numbers It seems appropriate that the representation we choose to use closely reflects the underlying meaning. Qaim, let's look at the evolution of the human numbering systems : humans tried base 13, base 11, base 4, base 3, Oh man ! you name it … Chf usd exchange rate until the Hindu-Arabic numbering system BASE 10 was invented. Usd to krw It made everything much easier, from business transactions to handling all sorts of daily interactions including numbers …

Binary file Because, we have 10 fingers How about computers ? It is very clear where the BINARY numbering came from: BASE 2 is the natural representation for CPUs … 1 kwd to usd TRUE or FALSE, the most NOISE TOLERANT numbering system, which is necessary when you are working at 4GHz, and flipping billions of these BITS a second, and you do not want to mistake a 0 for 1. Dollar exchange rate Any higher base system, Base 16 (i.e., hexadecimal), and BASE 256 (BYTE) is a natural expansion of BINARY by using MULTIPLE BINARY bits … Your question translates to : WHY DID WE INITIALLY CHOOSE TO GROUP 4-BITS …

Usd to pounds converter In other words, why not 5 bits ? 5 bits would be much better than 4 … Huf to usd 2^5=32, so, a BYTE would be 1024, which is much closer to 1000 and easy to understand. Binary calculations Also, 10 bits is a much nicer number than 8 ?? So, why did we choose 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 bits for CPU widths ???

instead of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 ? or something else ? For the answer, let's go down the memory lane … Usd exchange rate history A Japanese calculator company calls a, then, very good semiconductor manufacturer named INTEL in the 70's and asks them to design a specialized chip that is PROGRAMMABLE and can compute things in CHUNKS. C binary operators They choose a chunk size of 4 bits, since, this is a size that is compatible with that time's technology and can perform the computations of that calculator well.

Binary file converter INTEL designs it, but has many manufacturing issues … Binary acid They run out of time and cannot deliver the product … Usd libor The Japanese calculator manufacturer cancels the order, and INTEL thinks of ways to sell that IC as a PROGRAMMABLE IC. Negative binary They call it 4004. Usd conversion The product sells well, but, the data size is not big enough.

5000 inr to usd INTEL immediately designs a version of it that can process TWICE AS MANY BITS (8 bits) at a time. Weizmann forex 8008 was born ! This evolves to 8080, 8085, 8086 (16 bits) and we know the rest of the story. I absolutely positively cannot find any reason why a 10-bit, 20-bit, or a 40-bit CPU would not actually work better.

Usd chf chart So, this makes me wonder, what would happen, if the Japanese manufacturer asked for a 5 bit programmable chip initially ? heh heh … Computer binary nice story Tolga. Read binary But, there actually are/were odd bit length CPUs out there. Binary trans Especially for embedded applications.

Exchange rate euro usd But, economies of scale and industry standardization has worked to make things pretty homogeneous at n*4 bits wide. Euro usd converter So, we're obviously now at 64 bits wide (if you don't count GPU's which are very much wider still). Usd convertor And IPv6 has now also moved to 64 bits wide. 150 usd Hmm … Binary text converter let's see … Usd rmb exchange rate 2^64 is 18E18 that's a pretty big number.

Binary programming What else in science is up on that scale? The astronomers tell us there's 1E11 galaxy's, each with 1E11 stars (on average), so that's 1E22 stars in the observable universe. Usd to inr exchange rate today So, unfortunately if we want to give each and every star in the observable universe an 'address', we have to extend our address space to beyond 64 bits. Now, the human brain has (in round numbers) something like 1E11 neurons and a total of 1E14 synapses (total of 1E25).

Binaries definition Huh … Hex to binary table I never thought of it like that before… Cad usd so anyway, it looks like 64 bit wide addresses is again not enough to enumerate every cell and synapse. OK, let's think chemistry; I'm a chemist (among other things) after all. Usd to singapore dollar A mol is 6.02E23 atoms/particles.

Canadian dollar exchange rate So, if we're going to keep track of just 18 grams of water molecules (a mol), we'd need much more than 64 bit wide addresses for that task. Dear Qaim Mehdi Rizvi, Its very simple answer. Binary to ascii translator Machine language is 'binary' (2^1) i.e. Thb to usd 0, 1 (true, false). Binary to number Why we use Hexadecimal which is (2^4) is an exploitation of GF theory for making computer process faster.

64 in binary Those who has used punched cards they know how difficult that age was. Rounded binary form GF(2^n) is the way where we think in any integer value of n and can make the machine processing simpler. Dividing binary numbers Hexadecimal is GF(2^4). Twd to usd Hexadecimal is one of the number system which uses digits 0,1,2,…..9,A, B,…F. 1 dkk to usd But this is not the end one can use (2^…(2^n)). I usd in inr Further I want to add that why use BCD, ASCII and many more ..Hexadecimal, Octal are the number systems which belong from the family of Binary number system having their roots in Base 2. Addition of binary numbers GF(2^n) theory makes it very easy to manipulate arithmetic, logical, addressing, data transfer, instruction code, …etc. Convert binary to decimal calculator and that is the main reason of using Hexadecimal.

Czk to usd Further I want to add that think why we use ASCII, BCD, 4-16 and 16-4, 3-8 and 8-3 decoders and encoders. @Patrick, GPUs are going to go beyond 64b. Convert decimal to binary in c The MEMORY BUS sizes are already 128b, 256b, 512b, etc … Euros to usd Computation size is only 32b for the cores, though … Multiplying binary numbers These choices are all based on technological limitations I would like to remind one fact about why INTEL initially chose 4-bit groupings.

100110 binary The reason is 100% TECHNOLOGICAL, nothing MATHEMATICAL. Usd to cnd Before INTEL's ALL-IN-IC programmable chip (later to be cautiously called a MICROPROCESSOR for 4004), IBM most definitely had higher bit width COMPUTERs, but, not MICROPROCESSORs (let's call it uP for short).

Convert usd to rmb However, the concept of uP evolved when you started building computers inside a single chip, rather than many many TTL IC's (such as Quad AND gates, registers) soldered on a board. Binary tree height An example of such a COMPUTER, called a MAINFRAME back then is IBM 7030, introduced in the early 60's. In fact, I programmed on one of these computers back in Turkey 20+ years ago Our school Istanbul Tech had leased one from IBM for a gazillion dollars on a 20+ year lease This computer DID NOT HAVE A uP. 1 usd in php The distinction between a COMPUTER and uP came when the VLSI technology advanced far enough, so that, you could stick the 1) register file, 2) controller, 3) ALU, and a bunch of other stuff into a single chip, that, ind eed belonged to the CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (later to be called CPU). In the early 70's, the distinction between a uP and a COMPUTER started when INTEL showed that, you can integrate a bunch of the aforementioned components of a uP inside an integrated circuit (IC). 3 in binary The next question to answer was this: CLEARLY, I CANNOT ACHIEVE THE 20b, 30b, 40b LENGTHS INSIDE THIS FIRST uP. 15000 inr to usd SO, WHAT BIT LENGTH SHOULD I CHOOSE ?

If you look at IBM 7030, the definition of the BIT WIDTH is MESSED UP It will make your head spin. Binary number table Some registers are 18 bits, some 19 bits, some can be programmed from 10 bits to 48 bits.

Binary dictionary It is a PROGRAMMER'S NIGHTMARE !!! Yet, it cost $15M So, what bit width would you choose if you were an engineer working at INTEL back in 1971 when designing 4004 ? Please note that, we are talking about a 10um-technology chip that can integrate only 2,300 transistors, not the 3 BILLION that a modern 28nm GPU can integrate This is such a massive limitation that, it will determine the bit width you choose, since if you choose 5-bits for each instruction, you will RUN OUT OF TRANSISTORS TO BUILD 4004.

Rand to usd The answer is very clear: Choose a common bit width that can be implemented FOR EVERY INSTRUCTION : FOUR bits. If INTEL had chosen 5 bits back then, we would see a 5b, 10b, 20b, 40b, 80b evolution … C binary number The reason for that initial choice is NOTHING BUT TECHNOLOGICAL.

Qaim, and Samir, BINARY is most definitely very inefficient. Aud usd chart Why ? Because, you are only storing one bit in a voltage level range of, say, 0 to 5 Volts.

Usd to egp So, Logic0 is 0 Volts, and Logic 1 is 5 Volts. 1 krw to usd This seems super inefficient. Number system tutorial IT IS !!! But, the reason for that is NOISE TOLERANCE. Cad to usd conversion Let me bring up two other systems, where MORE THAN ONE BIT is packed into this voltage range: In other words, instead of Logic 0 being 0 Volts, and Logic 1 being 5 Volts, the voltage range is divided into 4 or 8 pieces.

Binary conversion Assume 4. Usd to canadian exchange rate This means, Logic 00 is 0, Logic 01 is 1.667 Volts, Logic 10 is 3.333 Volts, and Logic 11 is 5 Volts. Binary to octal conversion However, notice that, your NOISE MARGIN went from a full 5 Volts down to 1.66 volts. Usd to pounds conversion The separation between two logic states is a lot less, so, you are much more susceptible to noise.

Binary weighted dac So, you use ERROR CORRECTIONS CODES to detect and correct for the accidentally-changed bit states … In this coding, there are 5 different levels of a pulse.

3000 inr to usd -2 Volts is 0, -1 Volts is 1, 0, +1, and +2 volts are the other 3 levels, with a total of 5 levels. Binary number calculator But, you are now a lot more susceptible to noise on the ethernet lines, as compared to if you just used 0 or 1 as TWO states… What is usd Now you have 5 states.

Crore to usd But, this doesn't seem to cause any problems, since on 4 different ethernet pairs, out of the potential 5^4=625 potential SYMBOLs, only 256 are VALID SYMBOLS, and this provides sufficient error correction to make it work. What Qaim described above seems to be using a similar idea … Exchange usd As long as you can correct for errors, you can go ahead and pack more than one bit into a single bit's storage area …

1 chf in usd MLC flash drives pack 2, 3 bits into a single bit … Usd to dkk I don't know if they are at 4 yet … The voltage levels depend a little bit on implementation, but, the separation is exactly 5 … Usd to rupiah and the coding is exactly what I described. Usd inr chart Idea is this : HOW CAN I GET A RATE OF 1000 Mbps ON 4 WIRES OF CABLE RUNNING AT 125MHz and STILL HAVE SUFFICIENT NOISE TOLERANCE ?

To get another 2x, pack 8 bits into 4 wire pairs … Convert decimal to binary calculator How can I do that and still have sufficient noise tolerance ? ANSWER: Use 5 different voltage levels on each wire pair … Usd converter This will give you 5^4=625 SYMBOLs to represent on 4 pairs, and you are only trying to send 256 symbols (i.e., 8 bits worth).

Binary counter circuit So, you have the luxury of 369 additional symbols you can use for error correction and synchronization … If you think, this is cool, read 10GB standard ! It is a TWO DIMENSIONAL version of this PAM-5 code, called PAM-16, running at 500MHz …

100 in binary Good stuff ! • Machine language is a set of binary-coded instructions and data that are executed directly by central processing unit (CPU) of a computer.

Kr to usd Each processor has an 'instruction set' i.e. Usd brl a vocabulary of instructions it can understand. 1000 usd The instruction is often made up of 2 parts: the ' operation code' and the ' operand address'.

• Assembly language is a set of symbolic instruction codes that are meaningful abbreviations or mnemonics (simplified command words) followed by the needed data that correspond to machine language instructions and data. Integer to binary Mnemonic codes are used for the operation codes instead of binary and addresses are written in hexadecimal.

• Hexadecimal numbers – numbers with base 16, i.e. Usd cad exchange rate 16 n. Binary bcd Possible digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A (= 10), B (= 11), C (= 12), D (= 13), E (= 14), F (= 15) • Main use of hexadecimal numbers in computing is for abbreviating lengthy binary numbers. String to binary Since almost all computer data sizes are multiples of 4, we can trivially convert binary numbers into hexadecimal numbers by replacing each group of four binary digits by a single hexadecimal digit. Site: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Why_we_are_using_HEXADECIMAL_values_for_computer_addressing